I want to try to keep this discussion here as much as possible. So lets break it down.
At the root of this discussion is how should the offense, in particular the O line, block a play? Let's assume I am a left tackle on a play where we are going to read the defensive end, if he takes the fullback the QB will keep, if he takes the QB the full back will get the ball. A basic read option play.
Man Blocking:
If I have an assigned defender to block then I am man blocking. Let's assume it is the weak side (called a Will in football lingo) linebacker. At the snap of the football, I go find him and block him. I may cut, I may block him straight up, but no matter what the weak side linebacker does, I block him.
Zone Blocking:
If instead of a particular player, I have a particular area (zone) to defend I am zone blocking. At the snap of the football I proceed to my zone, and I block whomever comes in there. In a nutshell that is a basic definition between the two types of blocking.
The Zone Read:
The zone read means the offense is going to block with a zone blocking technique, but the play is actually an option play. Typically a read option uses a man blocking technique, so the read option name was already taken. Ala the zone read.
The History Lesson:
In football what is old becomes new again when there is a tweak to how it is done. Zone blocking is an old concept, and most people give credit to Vince Lombardi for creating the scheme when he was with the Packers (circa 1965), but it looks a bit different then than it does today. Man blocking is less complex for players to execute because they have a specific assignment. As offenses developed, they began to pick on defensive weakness based on pre-snap reads. Offenses would motion people (they still do this today) in order to determine the type of coverage the defense was playing. Defenses began to be more adept at disguising coverage, making the pre-snap read more difficult. Let's say you were many blocking, and the defense overloaded one side by bringing extra linebackers to sack the QB. A true man protection may not be able to account for the extra linebackers, because the person that has responsibility for picking up a particular player may be on the opposite side of the offensive line. If pass oriented offenses were going to succeed they needed a better way to protect the QB. One key thing I have omitted about zone blocking is the stance of the Offensive linemen. It is very hard for the big boys to get out of a three point stance, and move to their particular zone. Enter the two point stance, and the era of pass happy football. The West Coast style offense needed a better way to block blitzing defenders, so they started lining their offensive linemen up in a two point stance. They would retreat at the snap of the football (instead of fire off the line), and protect zones that could clog up the blitz lanes, and tie up the oncoming defenders. Remember they were able to do this because they did not necessarily need a defined running lane, as their offense was pass oriented. Now we enter into the mid 80s and a guy by the name Steve Spurrier makes a few tweaks to the pass happy offense. I personally give a lot of credit to Spurrier for the zone read as we know it today. The first zone read play I ever saw was from Steve Spurrier while he was at Duke, but the linemen were in a three point stance.
Today if you watch the 49ers they run a lot of read option, but the only thing that has really changed is the stance of the linemen. That was the major tweak. The two point stance is easier for the big boys to get out of and pass protect, as well as zone block for a run. CPJ has multiple zone blocking schemes, but he hates the two point stance. That does not fit in our offense today. His comment about zone blocking is taken out of context a lot. He zone blocks, but he does not do it the same way "most" offenses do it, and does not to my knowledge use the two point stance for the linemen.
To say the zone read is new, or zone blocking is new is incorrect. It is an evolved way of running a really old concept.