I guess it depends on how the HOA or NCAA is structured. In the HOA I had experience with, it could go bankrupt without passing on the liability of debt to its member households (At least past already committed dues or approved special assessments). I don't know the NCAA legal incorporation documents to know if that analogy holds.
What if the lawsuit against the HOA was for the actions of the homeowners in agregarte? If the HOA went bankrupt, then the plaintiffs could just sue the individual homeowners who committed the damaging actions.
In the case of House vs NCAA, they also listed the P5 conferences. So if the NCAA were able to go bankrupt, then the class of the lawsuit could get the money from the P5 conferences. If all of the P5 conferences go bankrupt, then I would think the plaintiffs could refile the lawsuit against the individual schools. Not a lawyer, but it would be difficult for the non-bankrupt athletic association to say both that it is not the NCAA/conference that has a judgment against it and at the same time say that the lawsuit against them had already been decided.
The big problem for an easy out such as bankruptcy is that the allegation is a collaborated action to prevent players from being able to profit from their NIL. There probably are legal arguments and tactics. But is seems silly to me to argue that you aren't individually responsible for your actions because you were following the group. (that you happen to be a voting member of) That sounds to me like someone defending themselves from burglary charges by claiming that a large group was looting an electronics store during a blackout and people were yelling at them to grab a TV. In House vs NCAA, if it is against the law to agree in aggregate to withhold financial opportunities from student athletes, then every single school is responsible for violating that.